Setup MongoDB in Node.js with Mongoose

Chances are if you’re building an application with Node, you’ll be needing to connect it to a MongoDB database. Here I’ll show you how to set it up. This guide assumes that you have already initialized a node project.

If you don’t have a database already mLab is probabaly the best place to get a free one.

Setting up database connection

First let’s install the mongoose dependency.

npm install mongoose --save

Or with yarn.

yarn add mongoose

Then we will create a file with the database configuration and instance as database.js .

First let import the dependency;

const mongoose = require("mongoose");

Then let’s store the path of the database in a variable. The path should look like the following, with dbuser and dbpassword being replaced with a user you have created for the database.

const dbPath =
  "mongodb://<dbuser>:<dbpassword>@ds250607.mlab.com:38485/test-db";

After that we’ll connect to the database.

mongoose.connect(dbPath, {
  useNewUrlParser: true,
});

We’ll need to export this instance of the database to be used later.

module.exports = mongoose;

Once the application is started, it would be better if there was an indicator showing whether the application successfully connected to the database or not. So let’s add some more code to fix that.

const db = mongoose.connection;
 
db.on("error", () => {
  console.log("> error occurred from the database");
});
 
db.once("open", () => {
  console.log("> successfully opened the database");
});

In the end the database.js should look like this.

const mongoose = require("mongoose");
 
const dbPath =
  "mongodb://<dbuser>:<dbpassword>@ds250607.mlab.com:38485/test-db";
 
mongoose.connect(dbPath, {
  useNewUrlParser: true,
});
 
const db = mongoose.connection;
 
db.on("error", () => {
  console.log("> error occurred from the database");
});
 
db.once("open", () => {
  console.log("> successfully opened the database");
});
 
module.exports = mongoose;

Setting up models/schema

After setting up the database connection, let’s setup an entity model to save and retrieve. For this example in going with an User entity. It will have three fields, name, email and password. We’ll store all the models in the models folder.

const mongoose = require("../database");
 
const schema = {
  name: { type: mongoose.SchemaTypes.String, required: true },
  email: { type: mongoose.SchemaTypes.String, required: true },
  password: {
    type: mongoose.SchemaTypes.String,
    required: true,
    select: false,
  },
};
 
const collectionName = "user"; // Name of the collection of documents
const userSchema = mongoose.Schema(schema);
const User = mongoose.model(collectionName, userSchema);
 
module.exports = User;

A couple of notes here. The structure of the schema is defined in the schema constant. Each property should have a type field. The required field is to set whether the property is mandatory or not. In the above example all three properties are. The password property has an extra select field set to true. This is to make sure the password property is not returned by default when querying.

That’s all the setup you need to start using the database. Below are some examples on how the Model can be used.

// Create user
User.create({
  name: name,
  email: email,
  password: password,
});
 
// Find user by email
User.findOne({
  email: email,
});
 
// Find user by email with the password field included
User.findOne({
  email: email,
}).select("+password");

Wrapping up

I hope you found this tutorial useful in setting up a MongoDB database for your Node application. 😊